Cognac, Armagnac, and brandy are all types of distilled alcoholic beverages, but they differ in terms of their origins, production methods, and characteristics. Here’s a concise comparison of the three:

1. Brandy:
   • Brandy is a broad term that refers to any spirit made by distilling fermented fruit juice or wine.
   • It can be produced from a variety of fruits, including grapes, apples, pears, cherries, and more.
   • Different types of brandy can vary widely in flavor based on the chosen fruit and production methods.
   • Brandy is produced in various regions around the world and comes in numerous styles and qualities.
2. Cognac:
   • Cognac is a specific type of grape brandy that originates exclusively from the Cognac region in southwestern France.
   • It is primarily made from specific grape varieties like Ugni Blanc, Colombard, and Folle Blanche.
   • Cognac is double-distilled using pot stills and then aged in oak barrels for a minimum period specified by law (e.g., VS for at least 2 years, VSOP for at least 4 years, XO for at least 10 years).
   • The aging process contributes to Cognac’s smoothness and refined character, with flavors like fruit, vanilla, and oak.
   • Cognac has a strict classification system and is known for its elegance.
3. Armagnac:
   • Armagnac is another type of grape brandy, but it comes from the Gascony region in southwestern France, which is to the west of the Cognac region.
   • It can be made from a broader range of grape varieties, including Ugni Blanc, Colombard, Baco, and Folle Blanche.
   • Armagnac is usually single-distilled using column stills and then aged in oak barrels. The aging duration varies, leading to a diverse flavor spectrum.
   • Armagnac often has a more robust and varied flavor profile compared to Cognac, featuring notes like dried fruit, spice, and earthiness.
   • The aging categories for Armagnac, like VS, VSOP, and XO, are similar to those for Cognac.

In summary, brandy encompasses all distilled spirits made from fermented fruit juice or wine. Cognac and Armagnac are specific types of grape brandies with distinct regional origins, production methods, flavor characteristics, and aging standards. Cognac is associated with elegance, while Armagnac often offers a more complex and rustic profile.